• Home
• Canon Text
• Romanized
• śāstrapiṭaka
• madhyamaka
• Caturdaśamaṃ prakaraṇam

Caturdaśamaṃ prakaraṇam

Technical Details

saṃsargaparīkṣā caturdaśamaṃ prakaraṇam |

atrāha - astyeva bhāvasvabhāvaḥ, tatsaṃsargopadeśāt | iha yannāsti, na tasya saṃsargaḥ, tadyathā vandhyāsutaduhitroḥ | asti ca saṃskārāṇāṃ saṃsargopadeśaḥ | cakṣuḥ pratītya rūpāṇi cotpadyate cakṣurvijñānam, trayāṇāṃ saṃnipātaḥ sparśaḥ, sparśasahajā vedaneti vistaraḥ | tathā saṃjñā ca vedanā ca saṃsṛṣṭāvetau dharmau nāsaṃsṛṣṭāviti saṃskārāṇāṃ saṃsargopadeśaḥ | tadevaṃ saṃsargopadeśādvidyata eva bhāvasvabhāva iti | ucyate | syādetadevam, yadi saṃsarga eva bhavato bhavet, na tvasti, yasmāt -

draṣṭavyaṃ darśanaṃ draṣṭā trīṇyetāni dviśo dviśaḥ |
sarvaśaśca na saṃsargamanyonyena brajantyuta ||1||

tatra draṣṭavyaṃ rūpam,darśanaṃ cakṣuḥ, draṣṭā vijñānam | eṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ dviśo dviśaḥ saṃsargo nāsti | cakṣuṣo rūpasya ca, cakṣuṣo vijñānasya ca, vijñānasya rūpasya ca saṃsargo nāsti | ityevaṃ dviśo dviśaḥ saṃsargo na bhavati | sarvaśo'pi trayāṇāmapyeṣāṃ yugapacca saṃsargo nāsti ||1||

yathā ca draṣṭavyadarśanadraṣṭaṇāṃ dviśo dviśaḥ sarvaśaśca saṃsargābhāvaḥ,

evaṃ rāgaśca raktaśca rañjanīyaṃ ca dṛśyatām |

rāgasya raktasya ca saṃsargo nāsti, rāgasya rañjanīyasya ca, trayāṇāmapi yugapatsaṃsargo nāsti | yathā caiṣām, evam -

traidhena śeṣāḥ kleśāśca śeṣāṇyāyatanāni ca ||2||

anyonyena saṃsargaṃ na vrajanti | trayaḥ prakārāstridhā, tridhābhāvastraidham | tena traidhena śeṣāḥ kleśā dveṣamohādayaḥ, te ete dveṣadviṣṭadveṣaṇīyādinā traidhena śrotraśrotṛśrotavyādinā ca ||2||

kasmātpunareteṣāṃ saṃsargo nāstītyāha -

anyenānyasya saṃsargastaccānyatvaṃna vidyate |
draṣṭavyaprabhṛtīnāṃ yanna saṃsargaṃ vrajantyataḥ ||3||

yadityayaṃ yasmādarthe | yadi draṣṭavyādīnāṃ parasparamanyatvaṃ syāt, tadā kṣīrodakayoriva anyena anyasya saṃsargaḥ syāt | taccānyatvaṃ yasmādeṣāṃ draṣṭavyaprabhṛtīnāṃ na saṃbhavati, ato naite saṃsarga brajanti ||3||

api ca |
na ca kevalamanyatvaṃ draṣṭavyāderna vidyate |
kasyacitkenacitsārdhaṃ nānyatvamupapadyate ||4||

na ca kevalaṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvasthitānāṃ draṣṭavyādīnāmanyatvaṃ na saṃbhavati, ghaṭapaṭādīnāmapi padārthānāṃ sarveṣāṃ naiva saṃbhavatītyavasīyatām ||4||

yathā caiṣāṃ draṣṭavyaprabhṛtīnāṃ parasparato'nyatvamasat, tathā pratipādayannāha -

anyadanyatpratītyānyannānyadanyadṛte'nyataḥ |
yatpratītya ca yattasmāttadanyannopapadyate ||5||

iha yadetad ghaṭākhyaṃ vastu paṭādanyaditi vyapadiśyate, tadetadanyadanyatpratītya anyadbhavati | anyavastunaḥ ṛte, ṛte'nyataḥ, vinā anyat, anyadanyanna bhavati | yacca paṭākhyaṃ vastu anyad ghaṭākhyaṃ vastu pratītya anyadbhavati, tasmātpaṭākhyādvastunaḥ tad ghaṭākhyaṃ vastu nānyadbhavatītyavasīyatām | yasmāt, yatpratītya yadbhavati, tasmāttadanyanna bhavati, sāpekṣatvād bījāṅkuravat hrasvadīrghavacceti | tathā ca vakṣyati -

pratītya yadyadbhavati na hi tāvattadeva tat |
na cānyadapi tattasmānnocchinnaṃ nāpi śāśvatat ||

iti ||5||

atrāha - yadi ghaṭādanyaḥ paṭaḥ syāt, taṃ ca pṛthagbhūtaṃ paṭamapekṣya anyo ghaṭaḥ syāt, tadā ko doṣa iti | ucyate -

yadyanyadanyadanyasmādanyasmādapyṛte bhavet |
tadanyadanyadanyasmādṛte nāsti ca nāstyataḥ ||6||

eko'tra anyaśabda upadarśane, aparaśca arthāntaraparāmarśī, anyaśca prasiddhoccāraṇam, iti anyaśabdatrayopādānam | yadi hi etad ghaṭākhyaṃ vastu paṭādanyasmādanyat syāt, tad ghaṭākhyaṃ vastu anyasmādapi paṭākhyādṛte anyadbhavet, tadā ca paṭanirapekṣasyaiva ekaikasya ghaṭasya anyatvaṃ bhavet | yaddhi yasmādanyat, tattena vināpi siddhayati | tadyathā | sa eva ghaṭo na svarūpaniṣpattāvanyaṃ paṭamapekṣate | evamanyatvamapi yadi ghaṭasya anyasmātpaṭādṛte bhavet, tadānīṃ paṭanirapekṣasya ghaṭasya paratvaṃ syāt | na tu ekaikasya paṭanirapekṣasya ghaṭasyānyatvaṃ dṛṣṭam| tasmādanya vravatīti bruvatā yadapekṣya yadanyat, tatastadanyanna bhavatīti sphuṭamabhyupetaṃ bhavati ||

atrāha - yadi khalu anyatvamevaṃ kutaścitkasyacinnāsti, nanu idamapi tadā na saṃbhavati vaktum - yasmādanyatpratītya anyadanyadbhavatīti, tasmādeva tadanyadanyanna bhavatīti | ucyate | yata eva hi parasparāpekṣikī bhāvānāmanyatvasiddhiḥ, ata eva anyadityucyate laukike vyavahāre sthitvā | vastutastu parīkṣyamāṇamanyatvaṃ na saṃbhavatīti brūmaḥ ||

yadi tarhi evamapyavidyamāne'pyanyatve lokasaṃvṛtyā paṭādanyo ghaṭa iti vyapadiśyate, atha kasmād bījāṅkurayorapi evamanyatvaṃ na vyapadiśyate? ucyate | naiva hi loko ghaṭapaṭayoriva bījāṅkurayoranyatvaṃ pratipadyate, ghaṭapaṭayoriva janyajanakatvābhāvaprasaṅgāt, yaugapadyabhāvaprasaṅgāt | api ca | yasmādbījamātramu tvā bījakāryaṃ vṛkṣamupadarśayati pumān loke - ayaṃ vṛkṣo mayopta iti, tasmālloke'pi kāryakāraṇabhūtānāṃ nāstyeva paratvamiti vyavasthāpyate ||6||

atrāha - yadi padārthāntare padārthāntarasāpekṣā parabuddhiḥ syāt, syādeṣa doṣaḥ -tasmāttadanyanna bhavatīti | na tvevaṃ brūmaḥ | kiṃ tarhi iha anyatvaṃ nāma sāmānyaviśeṣo'sti, tadyatra samavetam sa padārthaḥ padārthāntaranirapekṣayāpi para ityucyate, tasmāduktadoṣānavasaro'smatpakṣe iti | ucyate syādetadevam, yadi anyatvameva syāt, na tvasti | ihedamanyatvaṃ kalpyamānamanyasmin vā kalpyeta ananyasmin vā? ubhayathā ca nopapadyata iti pratipādayannāha -

nānyasmin vidyate'nyatvamananyasminna vidyate |

tatra anyasminnanyatvamastīti kalpyate, kiṃ tadānīmanyatvaparikalpanayā ? anyavyapadeśa siddhayarthaṃ hi bhavatā anyatvaṃ parikalpyate | sa ca anyavyapadeśo vināpyanyatvena siddha eva, yasmā llabdhānyavyapadeśa eva padārthe'nyasmin anyatvaṃ kalpyate, ityevaṃ tāvadanyasminnanyatvaṃ na saṃbhavati idānīmananyasminnapi anyatvaṃ nāsti, yasmādananya ucyate ekaḥ, tatra ca anyatvaviruddhamekatvamastīti yataḥ virodhādananyasminnapi anyatvaṃ na saṃbhavati | yacca idānīṃ nānyasminnananyasmin vidyate tadvayatiriktasya padārthāntarasyāsaṃbhavād etadvayatirikte'pi padārthe na saṃbhavati, tatraivāsti | yadā caivamanyatvameva nāsti, tadā anyatvasamavāyanibandhanaḥ anyabuddhidhvanipravṛttiheturanyo'pi padārthoṃ nāstīti siddham ||

atrāha - yadyapi anyatvaṃ nāsti, tathāpi anyastāvadasti | na ca asati anyatve anyo bhavitumarhati, ato'nyatvaṃ bhaviṣyatīti | ucyate -
avidyamāne cānyatve nāstyanyadvā tadeva vā ||7||

yadā anyatvameva nāstīti prāk pratipāditam, tadā kutaḥ asati anyatve anyadvā tadeva vā bhaviṣyati? tadeveti ananyatvamityarthaḥ | tasmānnāsti anyadvā tadeva vā ||7||

atrāha - vidyanta eva darśanādayaḥ, saṃsargasadbhāvāt | iha darśanādīnāṃ yadyapi anyatvaṃ nāstīti pratipāditam, tathāpi trayāṇāṃ saṃnipātaḥ saṃgatiḥ sparśa iti saṃsargo'sti | tataśca saṃsargasadbhāvād vidyanta eva darśanādaya iti | ucyate | syurevam, yadi teṣāṃ saṃsarga eva syāt | na tvasti | yathā ca nāsti, tathā pratipādayannāha -

na tena tasya saṃsargo nānyenānyasya yujyate |

iha yadi darśanādīnāṃ saṃsargaḥ syāt, sa ekatvena vā parikalpyeta anyatvena vā? tatra ekatve nāsti saṃsargaḥ | na hi ekakaṃ kṣīramudakanirapekṣamudakena saṃsṛjyata ityucyate | pṛthaktve'pi saṃsargo nāsti | na hi udakātpṛthagavasthitaṃ kṣīramudakena saṃsṛjyata iti kathyate | evaṃ darśanādīnāṃ yadi ekatve sati saṃsargaḥ parikalpyate, so'nupapannaḥ | ekakasyāpi cakṣuṣaḥ saṃsṛṣṭiprasaṅgāt | atha pṛthaktvam, evamapyanupapannaḥ | ekakasyāpi cakṣuṣo rūpādibhyaḥ pṛthagbhūtasya saṃsṛṣṭiprasaṅgāt | asati saṃsarge nāsti darśanādikamiti siddham||

atrāha -yadyapi saṃsargo nāsti, tathāpi saṃsṛjyamānaṃ saṃsṛṣṭaṃ saṃsraṣṭā cāsti, tadapratiṣedhāt | na ca saṃsargamantareṇa saṃsṛjyamānaṃ saṃsṛṣṭaṃ saṃsraṣṭā ca saṃbhavati | tasmātsaṃsargo'pi bhaviṣyatīti | ucyate | etadapi na yuktam | yasmādyadā saṃsarga eva nāstīti pratipāditam, asati ca saṃsarge tadā kutaḥ saṃsṛjyamānādikam? tatra vartamānasaṃsargakriyāsādhanakarmabhūtaṃ saṃsṛjyamānam, saṃsṛṣṭaṃ niṣpannasaṃsargakriyam, saṃsraṣṭā kartā kriyāniṣpattau svātantryeṇāvasthitaḥ | tadatra saṃsargābhāvādeva saṃsṛjyamānādikamapaśyaṃstatpratiṣedhaṃ nigamayannāha -

saṃsṛjyamānaṃ saṃsṛṣṭaṃsaṃsraṣṭā ca na vidyate ||8||

iti | yathoktaṃ bhagavatā [ upāliparipṛcchāyām]
sarvasayogi tu paśyati cakṣu -
statra na paśyati pratyayahīnam |
[naiva ca] cakṣu papaśyati [rūpaṃ]
tena sayogaviyogavikalpaḥ ||
ālokasamāśrita paśyati cakṣu
rūpa manorama citravicitram |
yena ca yogasamāśrita cakṣu -
stena na paśyati cakṣu kadāci ||
te parinirvṛta laukika śūrā
yehi svabhāvata jñātibhi dharmāḥ |
kāmaguṇairhi caranti asaṅgāḥ
saṅga vivarjiya sattva vinenti ||
no pi ca sattva na jīviha kaści
sattvahitaṃ ca karonti jinendrāḥ |
sattvu na asti karonti ca artham ||
saṅgu na vidyati atra kadāci
tasya na vidyati vedana loke ||

tathā -
bhāvitu mārga pavartitu jñāna
śūnyaka dharma nirātmaka sarvi |
yena vibhāvita bhontimi dharmā -
stasya bhavetpratibhānamanantam ||
ityācāryacandrakīrtipādoparacitāyāṃ prasannapadāyāṃ madhyamakavṛttau
saṃsargaparīkṣā nāma caturdaśamaṃ prakaraṇam ||