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Prathamaścittotpādaḥ

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madhyamakāvatāraḥ



prathamaścittotpādaḥ



saṃskṛtabhāṣāyām-madhyamakāvatārabhāṣyaṃ nāma |

( bhoṭabhāṣāyām-dbu ma la 'jug paī bśad pa śes vyava)

āryamañjuśrīkumārabhūtāya namaḥ |



madhyamakaśāstre'vatārāya madhyamakāvatāracikīrṣayā sarvasamyaksambuddhairbodhisattvaiścā'pi ādau bhagavatīṃ mahākaruṇāṃ buddhattvahetusampatpradhānām aśeṣā-parimitāśaraṇabhavacārakabaddhasattvaparitrāṇalakṣaṇāṃ stutiyogyatayā darśayituṃ uktam |



munīndrajāḥ śrāvakamadhyabuddhāḥ-

buddhodbhavāḥkhalvapi bodhisattvāt |

kāruṇyacittādvayabuddhibodhi-

cittāni heturjinaputrakāṇām ||1||



ityādi ślokadvayam | tatra anuttaradharmaiśvarya-saṃpadarjanāt, śrāvaka-pratyeka-buddha-bodhisattvebhyo'pi paramaiśvaryasaṃpatteḥ, śrāvakādīnāṃ tadājñāvaśavartitvācca buddhā bhagavanto munīndra iti kathyante | tebhyaḥ śrāvakādīnāṃ janma tu tebhya utpattiḥ | katham? buddhānāṃ samutpāde pratītyasamutpādasya aviparyastadeśanāyāṃ praveśārthaṃ śruti-cintā-bhāvanānusāramapi yathādhimuktivacchrāvakatvādi- paripūrttiḥ | yadyapi kasyacit pratītyasamutpādopadeśa-śravaṇamātreṇa paramārthādhigamavaiduṣye satyapi dṛṣṭajanmanyeva nirvāṇaprāptirna bhavati, tathāpi upadeśa-sādhako vipākaniyataphalavat parajanmani abhīṣṭaphalaparipākaṃ niyataṃ prāpnoti | yathā āryadevena uktam-

iha yadyapi tattvajño nirvāṇaṃ nādhigacchati |

prāpnotyayatnato'vaśyaṃ punarjanmani karmavat ||iti||

ataeva madhyamake'pi uktam-

sambuddhānāmanutpāde śrāvakāṇāṃ punaḥ kṣaye |

jñānaṃ pratyekabuddhānāmasaṃsargāt pravartate ||iti||



tarhi samyagavavādaphalaprāptikāraṇācchrāvakā iti | "kṛtaṃ me karaṇīyaṃ tasmān me nāparaṃ janma" ityādi bhavati | punaraparaṃ, satphalam anuttarasamyaksaṃbuddhamārgaṃ vā sarvatathāgatebhyaḥ śrutvā tadarthinaḥ śrāvaṇatvācchrāvakāḥ | yathā- saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra uktam-



adyo vayaṃ śrāvakabhūtanātha

saṃśrāvayiṣyāmatha cāgrabodhim |

bodhīyaśabdaṃ ca prakāśayāma-

steno vayaṃ śrāvakabhīṣmakalpāḥ ||iti||



sarve bodhisattvā api tathā, kintu tathā santo'pi śrāvayanti eva, anurūpaṃ rañcamātramapi na pratipadyante, teṣāṃ śrāvakabhūtatvād bodhisattveṣu doṣo na prasajyate | ayaṃ buddhaśabdo buddhasvabhāvaḥ śrāvakapratyekabuddhānuttarasamyaksaṃbuddhān trīnapi samākhyāti, ato buddhaśabdena pratyekabuddhā ākhyātāḥ | te puṇyajñānayoru uttaravṛddhiviśeṣatvāt, śrāvakebhyo viśiṣṭa taratvāt, puṇyajñānasambhāramahākaruṇāsarvākāratādyabhāvāt sarvasamyaksambuddhebhyo hīnatvāt madhyāḥ | tasmādeva te upadeśaṃ vinā jñānotpādād ātmamātrārthaṃ buddhatvāt pratyekabuddhā iti | yathoktasvabhāvatvāt te śrāvakāḥ pratyekabuddhāśca tathāgatadharmadeśanātaḥ samudbhūtatvāt munīndrajā iti | punaśca te munīndrāḥ kuto jātā iti?- buddhodbhavāḥ khalvapi bodhisattvād ityuktam | nanu bodhisattvā api tathāgatopadeśata utpatrabhūtatvāt jinaputrā iti kiṃ noktāḥ? atoḥ kathaṃ buddhā bhagavanto bodhisattvebhyo jātā uktā iti? satyamidam, tathāpi hetudvayena bodhisattvā buddhabhagavatāṃ hetavo bhavanti- avasthāviśeṣatvāt, samādāpakāvatāratvācca | tatra avasthāviśeṣastu tathāgatāvasthābodhisattvāvasthayoḥ sahetukatvāt | samādāpakastu yathā āryamañjuśrīrbodhisattvabhūta eva bhagavataḥ śākyamuneḥ tatpareṣāṃ tathāgatānāṃ pūrva eva kāle bodhicittasamādāpako manyate | ata evaṃ tanniṣṭhāphalaṃ mukhyahetubhūtaṃ dṛṣṭvā tathāgatā bodhisattvajātā diṣṭāḥ | ataeva hetusampado'tigarīyastvāt hetupūjākṛte'pi phalapūjāyām arthāpattiṃ mattvā tairbuddhairbhagavadbhiḥ niścitam aparimitaphaladāyaka-mahauṣadhavṛkṣam aṃkurādisamudgatamañjuparṇāvasthābhūtavat yatnataḥ paripālanīyatvena darśayitvā tatsamaye āsannībhūtatriyānāvasaktasattvaskandhānāṃ mahāyāna eva niyojanārthaṃ bodhisattvānāṃ praśaṃsā kṛtā | yathā āryaratnakūṭasūtre-



"tadyathāpi nāma kāśyapa! navacandro namaskriyate sā ceva pūrṇacandro na tathā namaskriyate, evameva kāśyapa! ye mama śraddadhanti te balavantataraṃ bodhisattvaṃ namaskartavya, na tathāgataḥ, tat kasya hetoḥ, bodhisattvanirjātā hi tathāgatāḥ | tathāgatanirjātāḥ śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhāḥ | " ata eva evaṃ yuktyāgamābhyāṃ tathāgatā bodhisattvebhyo jātā iti siddham | athavā te bodhisattvāḥ kiṃ hetukāḥ? uktam | kāruṇyacittādvayabuddhibodhicittāni heturjinaputrakāṇām | tatra karuṇā tu anukampā, atraiva vakṣyamāṇaprakārasvabhāvā | advayabuddhistu bhāvābhāvādyantadvayāpetā prajñā | bodhicittaṃ tu āryadharmasaṃgītisūtre-



"bodhisattvo bodhicittena sarvadharmān avabudhyet | sarve dharmā dharmadhātusamāḥ | sarveṣām āgantukabhūtāpratiṣṭhitadharmāṇāṃ jñeyamātratvād jñātṛśūnyatvāt parijñeyamātrāva-sāyitvena etādṛśīyaṃ dharmatā prāṇibhiravaboddhavyeti bodhisattveṣu yo'yaṃ cittotpādaḥ sa bodhisattvabodhicittotpāda ityucyate | sarvaprāṇibhyo hitasukhacittam | anuttaraṃ cittaṃ , maitryā komalaṃ cittaṃ, karuṇatayā'viparyayasaṃcittaṃ, ānandatayā'nanutaptaṃ cittam | upekṣātayā vimalaṃ cittaṃ, śūnyatayā'vipariṇāmaṃ cittam, animittatayā nirāvaraṇaṃ cittaṃ, apraṇidhānatayā'pratiṣṭhitaṃ cittamiti yathoktavat" |

bodhisattvānāṃ mukhyahetustu karuṇā advayaprajñā bodhicittamitīme trayo dharmāḥ santi | yathoktaṃ ratnāvalyām-

śailendrarājavanmūlaṃ bodhicittaṃ dṛḍhaṃ tataḥ |

digantavyāpi kāruṇyaṃ jñānaṃ cādvayaniśritam ||iti||



bodhicittasya advayajñānasya ca dvayorapi mūlaṃ karuṇayā bhūtatvāt karuṇā mukhyatvena deṣṭumiṣyate |



bījaṃ kṛpā yajjinaśasyarāśe-

stadvṛddhaye vārisamā, cirāya |

bhogāya pākaśca yathaiva mānya,

mādau mamā'taḥ karuṇāpraśaṃsā ||2||



yathā bāhyadhānyādisampattaye ādau madhye'nte ca bīja-jala-pākānāṃ mukhyatayā eva bhūtatvād upayogitābhāvaḥ, tathā karuṇāyā eva trikāle'pi jina-śasya-sampade upayogitāṃ evaṃ deśitā vartate | evaṃ dayālustu paraduḥkhaduḥkhita eva aśeṣaduḥkhībhūtasattvānāṃ paritrāṇāya " avaśyam aham samastamamuṃ lokaṃ duḥkhataḥ samuddhṛtya buddhatva eva saṃniyokṣyeti" niścitaṃ cittotpādaṃ karoti | asyā api pratijñāyā advayajñānaprahāṇe sādhayitumaśakyatvād, advayajñāne'pi āvaśyaka eva avatāraḥ, ataḥ sarvabuddhadharmāṇāṃ bījaṃ karuṇā eva asti | yathā ratnāvalyām uktam-

karuṇāpūrvakāḥ sarve niṣyandā jñānanirmalāḥ |

uktā yatra mahāyāne kastannindet sacetanaḥ ||



bodhicittotpāde'pi yadi uttarakāle karuṇājalena punaḥ punaḥ na siñcitaḥ asañcitavipulaphalasaṃbhāro'yam avaśyaṃ śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhayoḥ parinirvāṇe parinirvṛtto bhaviṣyati | anantaphalāvasthāyāṃ prāptāyāmapi yadi parakāle karuṇā paripākarahitā syād asyāḥ dīrghakālopabhogo na bhaviṣyati, āryaphalamahāsambhāraphalakramaparamparāsvabhāvo'pi nirantaraṃ dīrghaṃ nābhivardheta |

samprati ālambanaviśeṣapraveśadvāreṇapi karuṇāyāḥ svabhāvaviśeṣam abhivyajya tasyai eva praṇāmacikīrṣayā-



ātmābhisaktau tvahameti pūrvaṃ

rāgodbhave bhāva idaṃ mameti |

arhaṭṭacaryāvadadhīnaloke

kāruṇyavān yo'sti namo'stu tasmai ||3|| ityuktam |



asya lokasya tu mamābhiniveśāt pūrvam eva ahaṃgrahaṇād ' asantam ātmānam' astīti parikalpya atraiva satyābhiniveśaḥ, 'idaṃ tu mama' iti | ātmagrahaviṣayato bhinne'śeṣavidhe vastuni abhiniveśo bhavati | ātmātmīyā-bhiniviṣṭam idaṃ jagat karmakleśabandhana-nibaddham cakracālakavijñānotkṣepā-dhīnapraveśaṃ saṃsāramahākūpabhavāgrato gambhīranirbādhāvīciparyantacalanaṃ, svayameva heṣṭhāgāmi, prayatnataḥ kathañcana ākṛṣyamāṇam, ajñānādikleśa-karma-janyasaṃkleśa-traye'pi paurvāparyamadhyakrameṇa aniścitaṃ, pratidinaṃ duḥkhaduḥkhatāvipariṇāmaduḥkhatāpravāhād arhaṭṭaghaṭasyāvasthāto nātivartate, yato bodhisattvo duḥkhena duḥkhitam atikaruṇālambanena trātumiccati, ataḥ sarvaprathamaṃ khalu bhagavatī mahākaruṇā praṇamyate | iyaṃ bodhisattvakaruṇā tu sattvālambaneti |



dharmālambanāṃ nirālambanāṃ ca karuṇāmapi avalambanadvārā prakāśayitum uktam-



jagaccale candramivāmbumadhye

calaṃ svabhāvena vinā vilokya |



kāruṇyavān yo'sti namo'stu tasmai, iti tatra yojitavyam | mandavāyu-laghutaraṃgita-svacchajalābhyantaravyāptacandrapratibimbaṃ pūrvāvalambitāśrayaviṣayeṇa saha naśyati, tayorbhāvapratyakṣe avalambatvena udaye sati, uttamaistu etadvayaṃ svabhāvatā-prakāśanasadṛśaṃ sthitaṃ dṛśyate- evam pratikṣaṇaṃ anityatā-svabhāva-śūnyatā ca | tathā bodhisattvaiḥ karuṇāparatantrībhūtairapi satkāyadṛṣṭayavidyāsāgare sāgaraśreṣṭhadharmāmṛta-rasodbhavahetave sakalaviparītakalpanālakṣaṇe sampūrṇe jagati ayoniśovikalpa-mārutaprerite nīlavistṛtāvidyājale sthitān prāṇinaḥ svakarmapratibimbavatpuraḥsthitān pratikṣaṇaṃ anityaduḥkhapatītān svabhāvaśūnyān dṛṣṭvā tayoranityatāduḥkha-vināśa-sadṛśabhūtān saddharmaśreṣṭhāmṛtarasodbhavahetave sakalaviparītakalpanānivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ sampūrṇaṃ jagat bandhutvasvabhāvabhūtaṃ buddhatvaṃ samyakprāpayitumiṣyate |



teṣāṃ yā karuṇā sattvālambanā, dharmālambanā anālambanā ca tāṃ praṇamya bodhisattvānāṃ bodhicittasya daśavidhabhedāvivakṣayā saḥ prathamabodhicittam adhikṛtya evaṃvadati-



yadasya citte khalu bodhisattve,

jagad vimuktyai karuṇāvaśaṃge ||4||



samantabhadrapraṇidhānanāmni,

pramoditā sā prathametyavasthataḥ |



bodhisattvānām anāsravajñānasya karuṇādibhiḥ parigrahāvibhāgobhūmiriti nāma prāpnoti, guṇāśrayabhūtatvāt tasyā ca uttarottaraṃ guṇasaṃkhyā-balātiśayaprāpti-

dānādi-pāramitāpāṭhaparipākavṛddhi-viśeṣeṇa pramuditādibhūmiprakārabhedena daśa-vidhabhedā vyavasthāpitāḥ, atra svabhāvaviśeṣabhedo na bhavati | yathā-

yathāntarīkṣe śakuneḥ padaṃ budhai-

rvaktuṃ na śakyaṃ na ca darśanopagam |

tathaiva sarvā jinaputrabhūmayo

vaktuṃ na śakyāḥ kuta eva śrotum ||ityuktam |



tatra bodhisattvabhūmiḥ pramuditā bodhisattvānāṃ prathamaścittotpādaḥ, antimaśca dharmamegho daśamaścittotpādaḥ | tatra bodhisattvasya yathoktavidhinā-jagat niḥsvabhāva-darśakaṃ karuṇāviśeṣeṇa upagṛhītaṃ yaccitaṃ karuṇāparatantraṃ sat bodhisattva-samantabhadrapraṇidhānena pariṇāmitaṃ pramuditamiti nāmakam, advayajñānaṃ tasya sahetukaṃ phalopalakṣaṇaṃ tatra prathama iti kathyate | daśamahāpraṇidhānādīni daśāsaṃkhyaśata-sāhasrapraṇidhānāni, tatra bodhisattvaḥ prathamaṃ cittotpādaṃ karoti, tāni bodhisattva-samantabhadra-praṇidhānamadhye samāhitāni, aśeṣapraṇidhānopasaṃgrahatvāt samantabhadra-praṇidhānaṃ viśeṣeṇa sandṛbdham | tatra yathā-śrāvakayāne praveśa-phalamārga-sthitibhedena aṣṭa śrāvaka bhūmivyavasthā tathā mahāyāne'pi bodhisattvānāṃ daśabodhisattvabhūmayaḥ | punaśca yathā śrāvakasya nirvedhabhāgīyāvasthotpādaḥ prathamaphalapraveśāvasthā na manyate tathā bhāvināṃ bodhisattvānāmapi | ratnameghasūtre mahādhimuktamahācaryādharmatāyā anantaraṃ prāpteyaṃ prathamabhūmisthitistu bodhisattvasya bodhicittānutpādabhūmirityuktavat | adhimukti-caryāyāstatkṣaṇāsthitirapi-'kulaputra! tadyathā-yathā cakravartī rājā mānuṣavarṇātīto na tu devavarṇaprāptaḥ, tathaiva bodhisattvo'pi laukika- śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhānāṃ sarvabhūmyatītaḥ, na tu bodhisattvaparamārthabhūmiprāptaḥ | iti tatraiva vyākhyātam | punaśca yadā iha pramuditākhyaprathamabhūmau praveśaḥ-

tataḥ samārabhya tu tatra prāptaḥ

sa bodhisattveti padābhidheyaḥ ||5||



taccittaprāptastu sarvathā pṛthagjanabhūmyatikrāntāvasthāyāṃ bodhisattvapade-naivābhidhīyate, nānyathā, tatsamaye tasya āryabhūtatvāt | yathā-bhagavatyāṃ paṃcaviṃśaśatikāyāṃ-

"bodhisattva ityanubuddhasattvasyaitadadhivacanam, yena sarvadharmā buddhā jñātāḥ | kathaṃ jñātāḥ? abhūtā asaṃbhūtā avitathāḥ, naite tathā yathā bālapṛthagjanaiḥ kalpitāḥ | naite tathā yathā bālapṛthagjanairlabdhāḥ | tenocyate bodhisattvā iti | tatkasya hetoḥ? akalpitā avikalpitā hi bodhiḥ, aviṭhapitā hi bodhiḥ, anupalambhā hi bodhiḥ | na hi suvikrāntavikrāmiṃstathāgatena bodhirlabdhā | alambhātsarvadharmāṇāmanupalambhātsarvadharmāṇāṃ bodhirityucyate | evaṃ buddhabodhi-rityucyate, na punaryathocyate | yena suvikrāntavikrāmin bodhāya cittamutpādayanti idaṃ cittaṃ bodhāyotpādayiṣyāma iti bodhiṃ manyante, astyasau bodhiryasyāṃ vayaṃ cittamutpādayiṣyāma iti, na te bodhisattvā ityucyante, utpannasattvāsta ucyante | tatkasmāddhetoḥ? tathā hi utpādābhi-niviṣṭāścittābhiniviṣṭā bodhimabhiniviśante | " ityādi uktam | punaśca-"alakṣaṇā hi bodhirlakṣaṇasvabhāvavinivṛttā | ya evamanubodhaḥ, iyamucyate bodhiriti, na punaryathocyate | eṣāṃ hi suvikrāntavikrāmin dharmāṇāmanubodhatvādvodhisattva ityucyate | yo hi kaścit suvikrāntavikrāmin imān dharmānaprajānannanavabudhyamāno bodhisattva ityātmānaṃ pratijānīte, dūre tasya bodhisattvasya bodhisattvabhūmiḥ, dūre bodhisattvadharmāḥ, visaṃvādayati sadevamānuṣāsuraṃ lokaṃ bodhisattvanāmnā | sacetpunaḥ suvikrāntavikrāmin vāṅmātreṇa bodhisattvo bhavet, tena sarvasattvā api bodhisattvā bhaveyuḥ | naitatsuvikrāntavikrāmin vāṅmātraṃ yaduta bodhisattvabhūmiriti | " ityādi uktam |

yathoktaṃ bodhicittaṃ prāptastu tasyām avasthāyāṃ bodhisattvaśabdadvārā eva kevalaṃ na ukto'pitu-



gotre'pi bhāvo'sya tathāgatānāṃ

tyaktaṃ trisaṃyojanamasya sarvam |

prāmoditāṃ prāpya sa bodhisattvaḥ

kṣobdhuṃ samarthaḥ śatalokadhātum ||6||



pṛthagjana-śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhasarvabhūmyatītatvāt samantaprabhetitathāgatabhūmyanugāmimārgotpannatvācca sa bodhisattvaḥ tathāgatagotrotpannaḥ | tadā pudgalanairātmyaṃ pratyakṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā iyaṃ satkāyadṛṣṭi-saṃśayaśīlavrataparamārthateti saṃyojanatrayebhyo'pi sannivartate, teṣāṃ punaranutpādāya | tattvādraṣṭurātmani āropāt satkāyadṛṣṭirbhavati, tathā saṃśayatastasyāparamārge'pi gamanaṃ saṃbhāvyate, na cānyasya | niścayapraveśe tasya sahetukaguṇaprāptiḥ, bhūmerasapakṣadoṣanivṛtteśca asāmānyaviśeṣamuditotpādād ati-pramuditāvaśāt sa bodhisattvo'gramuditām api dhārayati | pramodaviśeṣabhūtatvād iyam bhūmistu pramuditeti nāmāpi prāptā | śatalokadhātuṃ kṣobdhumapi samarthaḥ |



prayāti bhūmeḥ khalu bhūmimūrdhvaṃ

tadā'sya mārgo kugaterniruddhaḥ |

pṛthagjanasyāvanisaṃkṣayo'sti

yathāṣṭamāryaḥ kathitastathaiṣaḥ ||7|| iti ||



ayam yathāvabuddhadharmābhyāsād dvitīyabhūmyādyatikramātyutsāhād bhūmerbhūmiṃ samākramya ūrdhvaṃ prayāti | saṃkṣepeṇa yathā srotaāpannāryaḥ svānurūpāryadharmādhigamād doṣarahito guṇānvitaśca bhavati tathā asmin bodhisattve'pi bhūmyadhigamāt svasmin anurūpaguṇodbhavād doṣakṣayācca strotaāpatterudāharaṇadvārā paridīpitam | ayam bodhisattvastu

sambodhicittodaya ādike'pi

pratyekabuddhān samunīndravāgjān |

jittvaidhate puṇyabalena cāpi |

yadasti tadaparo viśeṣaḥ, yathā-āryamaitrīvimokṣa uktam"tadyathā kulaputra acirajāto rājaputro mūrdhaprāptān sarvavṛddhāmātyānabhibhavati kulābhijātyādhipatyena, evameva acirotpāditabodhicittastathāgatadharmarājakulapratyājāta ādikarmiko bodhisattvaściracaritabrahmacaryān vṛddhaśrāvakānabhibhavati bodhicitta-mahākaruṇādhipatyena| "

" tadyathā kulaputra, yo'cirajātasya mahāgaruḍendrapotasya pakṣavāta-balaparākramo nayanapariśuddhiguṇaśca, sa sarvaśarīrapravṛddhānāṃ tadanyeṣāṃ pakṣiṇāṃ na saṃvidyate, evameva yaḥ prathamacittotpādikasya tathāgatamahāgaruḍendrasya kulagotrasaṃbhavasya bodhisattvamahāgaruḍendrapotasya sarvajñatācittotpādabalaparākramo mahākaruṇādhyāśaya-nayanapariśuddhiguṇaśca, sa kalpaśatasahasraniryātānāṃ sarvaśrāvaka-pratyekabuddhānāṃ na saṃvidyate | "

ityādyuktavat |



dūraṅgamāyāṃ tu dhiyādhikaḥ syāt ||8||



āryadaśabhūmi(sūtre)'pi-"tadyathāpi nāma bhavanto jinaputrāḥ, rājakulaprasūto rājaputro rājalakṣaṇasamanvāgato jātamātra eva sarvāmātyagaṇamabhibhavati rājādhipatyena, na punaḥ svabuddhivicāreṇa | yadā punaḥ sa saṃvṛddho bhavati tathā svabuddhibalādhānataḥ sarvāmātyakriyāsamatikrānto bhavati, evameva bho jinaputrāḥ, bodhisattvaḥ sahacittotpādena sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhānabhibhavatyadhyāśayamāhātmyena, na punaḥ svabuddhivicāreṇa | asyāṃ tu saptamyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvaḥ svaviṣayajñānaviśeṣamāhātmyāvasthitatvātsarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhakriyāmatikrānto bhavati ||" iti yathoktavat | ata evaṃ sati dūraṃgamata eva ārabhya bodhisattvaḥ sva buddhibalotpādane'pi śrāvakapratyekabuddhāṃścābhibhavati, na cādhobhūmiṣviti jñeyam | asmādāgamāt sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddheṣvapi sarvadharmaniḥsvabhāvatājñānamapi astīti nirbhāseta | asati ca tathā niḥsvabhāvabhāvaparijñānarahitatvāt laukikavītarāgavat tānapi prathamacittotpādabodhisattvā api svabuddhivicāreṇāpi abhibhavanti | tīrthikavat eteṣāṃ tridhātuṣu caryāyā sarvakleśaprahāṇamapi na bhavati | rūpādīnāṃ svalakṣaṇāvalambanaviparyayāt pudgalanairātmyabodho'pi na bhavati, ātmaprajñaptihetuskandhāvalambanāt | yathā ratnāvalyām uktam-



"skandhagrāho yāvadasti tāvadevāhamityapi |

ahaṅkāre sati punaḥ karma janma tataḥ punaḥ ||

trivartmaitadanādyantamadhyaṃ saṃsāramaṇḍalam |

alātamaṇḍalaprakhyaṃ bhramatyanyonyahetukam ||

svaparobhayatastasya traikālye cāpyanāptitaḥ |

ahaṅkāraḥ kṣayaṃ yāti tataḥ karma ca janma ca ||"iti ||



api ca-



alātacakraṃ gṛhṇāti yathā cakṣurviparyayāt |

tathendriyāṇi gṛhṇanti viṣayān sāmpratāniva ||

indriyāṇīndriyārthāśca pañcabhūtamayā matāḥ |

pratisvaṃ bhūtavaiyarthyādeṣāṃ vyarthatvamarthataḥ ||

nirindhano'gnirbhūtānāṃ vinirbhāge prasajyate |

samparke lakṣaṇābhāvaḥ śeṣeṣvapyeṣa nirṇayaḥ ||

dvidhāpi bhūtānāṃ vyarthatvātsaṅgatirvṛthā |

rthatvātsaṅgateścaivaṃ rūpaṃ vyarthamato'rthataḥ ||

vijñānavedanāsaṃjñāsaṃskārāṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ |

pratyekamātmavaiyarthyād vaiyarthyaṃ paramārthataḥ ||

sukhābhimāno duḥkhasya pratīkāre yathārthataḥ |

tathā duḥkhābhimāno'pi sukhasya pratighātajaḥ ||

sukhe saṃyogatṛṣṇaivaṃ naiḥsvābhāvyāt prahīyate |

duḥkhe viyogatṛṣṇā ca paśyatāṃ muktirityataḥ ||

kaḥ paśyatīti ceccitaṃ vyavahāreṇa kathyate |

nahi caittaṃ vinā cittaṃ vyarthatvātra saheṣyate ||

vyarthamevaṃ jaganmatvā yathābhūtyātrirāspadaḥ |

nirvāti nirupādāno nirupādānavahnivat ||"iti||



bodhisattvaireva tathā niḥsvabhāvatayā dṛṣṭam iti cet, na cāpi tat, śrāvakān pratyekabuddhāṃścādhikṛtya tathoktatvāt | kathamidaṃ jñāyata iti? vakṣyate-samanantarameva bodhisattvān adhikṛtya-

"bodhisattvo'pi dṛṣṭvaivaṃ sambodhau niyato mataḥ |

kevalaṃ tvasya kāruṇyādābodherbhavasantatiḥ ||"



ityādi uktatvāt | śrāvakadeśanāsūtreṣvapi śrāvakānāṃ kleśāvaraṇa-prahāṇārtham-

"phenapiṇḍopamaṃ rūpaṃ vedanā budbudopamā |

marīcisadṛśī saṃjñā saṃskārāḥ kadalīnibhāḥ |

māyopamaṃ ca vijñānamuktamādityabandhunā ||"



ityādinā phenapiṇḍa-jalabudbuda-marīcijala-kadalīskandha-māyādyudā-haraṇena saṃskārā nirṇītā ācāryapādaiḥ-

"anutpādo mahāyāne pareṣāṃ śūnyatā kṣayaḥ |

kṣayānutpādayoścaikyamarthataḥ kṣamyatāṃ yataḥ ||"iti||



tathā ca-



kātyāyanāvavāde cāstīti nāstīti cobhayam |

pratiṣiddhaṃ bhagavatā bhāvābhāvavibhāvinā ||

śrāvakayāne 'pi dharmanairātmyaṃ deśitamiti tadā mahāyānadeśanā vyarthā syāditi tanmatamapi evaṃ yuktyāgamābhyāṃ viruddhaṃ budhyate | mahāyānadeśanā dharmanairātmyamātrasya deśanā nāsti apitu bodhisattvānāṃ bhūmi-pāramitā-praṇidhāna-mahākaruṇādi-pariṇāmanā-sambhāradvaya-acintyadharmatāśca santi |

yathā ratnāvalyāmuktam-



na bodhisattvapraṇidhirna caryā pariṇāmanā |

uktā śrāvakayāne'smād bodhisattvaḥ kutastataḥ ||iti ||

bodhicaryāpratiṣṭhārthaṃ na sūtre bhāṣitaṃ vacaḥ |

bhāṣitaṃ ca mahāyāne grāhyamasmād vicakṣaṇaiḥ ||



dharmanairātmyaprakāśāya mahāyānadeśanā'pi yuktā eva, vistṛtadeśanāyā vivakṣitatvāt | śrāvakayāne tu dharmanairātmyaṃ saṃkṣiptalakṣaṇamātreṇa samāpyate | yathā ācāryapādairuktam-

animittamanāgamya mokṣo nāsti tvamuktavān |

atastvayā mahāyāne tat sākalyena darśitam ||



ānuṣaṃgikatvena paryāptam | ata eva anākulabuddheḥ svayamevārthatattvāva-bodhasamarthatvāt prakṛtamevābhidhīyate |



tadā'tra sambuddhasubodhihetu-

rbhavet pradhānaṃ hyatireki dānam |



tasya pramuditābhūmiprāptabodhisattvasya dāna-śīla-kṣānti-vīrya-samādhi-prajñā-upāya-praṇidhāna-bala-jñāneṣviti daśasu dānapāramitaiva atiricyate, kintu na tadbhinnānāmabhāvaḥ | taddānamapi sarvākārajñatāyāḥ pradhāno hetuḥ |



svamāṃsadāne'pi kṛtādaratvād

bhavedadṛṣṭe'pyanumānahetuḥ ||9||



tasya bodhisattvasya adṛṣṭā guṇā bodhādayo ye ke'pi santi te'pi bāhyābhyantarasvavastudānaviśeṣānumānenaiva sphuṭam anumīyante, dhūmādinā vahnayādi-vat | yathā bodhisattvānāṃ dānaṃ buddhatvasya pradhānaheturapratyakṣa-guṇa-nirṇayalakṣaṇo'sti tathā pṛthagjana-śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhānāmapi duḥkhapratikārasya ātyantikasukhaprāpteśca heturiti deśitukāmena-



sukhābhilāṣī hi janastu sarvaḥ

sukhaṃ na sampattimapāsya loke |

dhanaṃ tu dānodgatameva buddhvā

muniḥ pradhānaṃ samuvāca dānam ||10||



uktam | kṣuttṛḍrogaśītādipratipakṣo duḥkhapratikāramātraṃ, bhavasukhotpāda-hetupratibandhakaviparyamātreṇa svatvapravāhaparikalpitopaghātāpanayo'sukhātmake loke'tīva abhiniviṣṭaḥ tathā tasya sukhābhilāṣiṇaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhapratikāramātra-svabhāvam, abhīṣṭaviṣayasampattiḥ duḥkhapratipakṣabhūḥ, viparyayātmano bhogaṃ vinā notpādāvalambanam | duḥkhapratikārahetubhūtāste viṣayā api dānodbhūtapuṇyakriyā-vastvasaṃcayeṣu notpadyanta iti vicārya bhagavān jagadaśeṣāśayasvabhāvajñaḥ śīlādi-samākhyāneṣu sarvaprathamaṃ dānameva āha |

adhunā dāniprāṇinaḥ śīlavairūpye'pi svakāryānukūlatvād dānamāhātmyam ākhyātumāha-



parīttakāruṇyasuduṣṭacittā

vikurvate svārthaparā amī ye |

tadiṣṭasampad vyasanapraśāntyai

samudgatā dānata eva sāpi ||11||



ye vaṇigvat svalpadhanatyāgena ativipulaphalasampatskandhārthecchavo'pi adhikatarārthārthino ditsādarāḥ, sugataputravat karuṇāparatantrā dānaphalārtham anāyāsameva āditsotsavābhivardhanāste'pi dāna-doṣa-grahaṇa-parāṅamukhāḥ kevalaguṇagrahaṇotsāhaprāptā atiśayaiśvaryopasampadāḥ kāyāpriyaduḥkhakṣuttṛṣṇādināśanena duḥkhopaśāntiheturbhavanti | yasya niṣkaruṇasya svaduḥkhapratikārāpekṣayā eva ditsāyām ādaraḥ, so'pi-



kadācidasminnapi dānakāle

drutaṃ hi labdhvāryajanābhisaṅgam |

tataḥ samucchidya bhavapravāhaṃ

sahetukāṃ śāntimataḥ prayāti ||12||



ityuktam | dānapatestyāginaḥ samīpe sadbhirgantavyam iti dānādhimuktikā dānakāle āryajanābhisaṃgāt tadupadeśataḥ saṃsāranirguṇatāṃ jñātvā nirmalam āryamārgaṃ sākṣātkurvanti, duḥkhopaśāntyā tyaktāvidyā bhavasantateranādikālataḥ pravṛtāṃ janma-maraṇa-paramparāṃ tyaktvā śrāvaka-pratyekabuddhayānaiḥ parinirvṛtā bhaviṣyanti | ataḥ sāmprataṃ bodhisattvānāṃ dānaṃ bhavanirvāṇa-sukhaprāptihetuḥ |



jagaddhitārthaṃ hi kṛtapratijñāḥ

prayānti modaṃ na cireṇa dānaiḥ ||



abodhisattvāstu dānasamakālaṃ yathoktadānaphalaṃ niyataṃ na saṃbhuñjanti, tasmād dānaphalasya apratyakṣatvād dāne praveśo'pi na saṃbhavaḥ, bodhisattvāstu dānasamakālameva arthināmapi paritarpaṇād, abhīṣṭadāna-phalasaṃpatparamānandaṃ dhārayantaḥ, tatraiva dānaphalam upabhuñjanti | ataḥ sarvadā dāne muditā bhaviṣyanti | ato yathoktarītyā-



dayādayā bhāvamayā yataśca |

sarvābhyudayaniḥ śreyasaheturdānam,



tato'sti mūlaṃ khalu dānavārtā ||13||



yataste sarvadā dānaṃ prati ādareṇa sampadvibhājanadvārā ca manastarpayanti | bodhisattveṣu ānandaviśeṣotpādaḥ kīdṛśa iti arthināṃ cet-ucyate-



yathā tu dehīti niśamya śabdaṃ

sukhodbhavo buddhasute vicintya |

tathā sukhaṃ śāntigate munau na

kimucyatāṃ sarvasamarpaṇeni ||14||



yāvadarthināṃ dehīti śabdaśrutāveva vicāryamāṇe bodhisattvānām 'ime māṃ yācanta iti buddhavā vāramvāraṃ yaḥ sukhotpādo nirvāṇasukhādapi atiricyate, tato bāhyābhyantaravastusamarpaṇena arthinajanatarpaṇasya kimucyatām? punaḥ kim tat tathoktabāhyābhyantaravastutyāgināṃ bodhisattvānāṃ kāya-duḥkhamapi na bhaviṣyatīti? ucyate-mahātmanāṃ tu acetanānāmapacchedavat kāyaduḥkhotpādo'sambhava eva | āryagaganagañjaparipṛcchāsamādhau yathoktam-



"tadyathā mahāsālavṛkṣavanamasti | tatra kaścidāgatya ekaṃ saralaṃ chinatti | tatrāvaśiṣṭāste sālavṛkṣā ayaṃ tu chinno, vayaṃ na chinnā iti na cintayanti | teṣu nānurāgo na vā kopaḥ, na kalpo na vikalpaḥ, tadvat bodhisattvasya yā kṣāntiḥ sā pariśuddhāgragaganopametyuktivat |

ratnāvalyāmapi evamuktam-



śārīraṃ nāsti vai duḥkhaṃ tatra duḥkhaṃ kva mānasam |

loko hi duḥkhitastena karuṇyāt sthīyate ciram ||

punaryo'labdhavirāgāvasthastatra kāyasthitibādhakaviṣaye samavatīrṇe kāyaduḥkhaṃ niścitam utpadyate, tadā so'pi sattvārthakṛtyeṣu ativiśiṣṭāvatārahetutvena pratiṣṭhata iti ākhyātam |



pradāya chettuṃ svavapuḥ svaduḥkhāt

svasaṃvidā nārakaduḥkhakādi |

vilokya tannāśayituṃ pareṣāṃ

pariśramaṃ prārabhate sa śīghram ||15||



bodhisattvastu duḥkhamayanaraka-tiryagyoni-yamalokādighoralokāntargataṃ nirantaraghoraduḥkhena kāyacchedaṃ, svakāyaccheda-duḥkhāt sahastraśo'pyadhikaṃ pravṛddhama-sahyaṃ duḥkhaṃ svaduḥkhena tulayitvā paśyati tadā svakāyacchedaduḥkhamavigaṇayya sattvānāṃ narakādiduḥkhacchedāya atiśīghraṃ vīryamārabhate | yathoktadānapāramitāprabhedadeśanārtham uktam-



pradeyasaṅgrāhakadātṛśūnyaṃ

vadanti lokottarapāramīti |



tatra pāramīti tu yat saṃsārasāgarapāraṃ taṭaṃ, kleśajñeyāvaraṇaniḥśeṣatyāga-svabhāvayukto buddha eva vā | pāraṃgatastu pāramita ityuktam | aluguttarapade ityanena lakṣaṇena karmavibhaktilopaṃ na kṛtvā rūpaṇam, athavā pṛṣodarāditvād uttarapadayuktatayā vyavasthāpitam | prajñāṃ gṛhītvā viśeṣeṇa vyākhyātam, dānādayaḥ pāramitātulyatvāt pāramitāḥ santi | pariṇāmanāviśeṣeṇa pāragamanaṃ vyavasthāpya dānaṃ pāramitānāma prāpnot | vakṣyamāṇāḥ śīlādayo'pi tathā vijñeyāḥ | iyaṃ dānapāramitā'pi deyaṃ, pratigrāhakaṃ dāyakaṃ ca anālambya lokottarapāramitā astīti bhagavatīprajñāpāramitāyām uktam | anālambanasya lokottaratvād ālambanaṃ ca vyavahārasatyasaṃgrahatvāllaukikameva asti | tattu aprāptabodhisattvā-vasthābhirjñātuṃ na śakyate | api ca-



trayīṣu rāgodbhavataḥ pradiṣṭaṃ

tadeva vai laukikapāramīti ||16||



tadeva dānaṃ triṣvavalambitaṃ sat laukikapāramitetyuktam | samprati yathokta- bhūmiriti jñānaviśeṣeṇa atiśayaguṇānuvādadvārā deśanārthamevamuktam-



tathā pratiṣṭhā jinaputracitte

sadāśraye suprabhakāntimāptā |

ghanaṃ tamisraṃ muditā nirasya

jayatyasau candramaṇiryathā vai ||17||



tathā śabdo yathoktaprakāradeśanārthaḥ | muditeti bhūmināma samākhyāyate | jayatīti tu asapakṣaṃ parājitya avasthānam ityarthaḥ | sā tu jñānasvabhāvā satī eva jinaputramanasi sthitatvād uparisthitā | pramuditābhūmistu yathoktarītyā sarvamapi gahanam andhakāraṃ nirākṛtya jayati | yathokta eva artha udāharaṇena prakāśayitum ākhyātam | candrakāntamaṇivad iti |



madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye pramuditeti prathamaścittotpādaḥ | bodhisattvaprathamacittotpādo vyākhyātaḥ |